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alternating series : ウィキペディア英語版
alternating series

In mathematics, an alternating series is an infinite series of the form
:\sum_^\infty (-1)^n\,a_n or \sum_^\infty (-1)^\,a_n
with ''an'' > 0 for all ''n''. The signs of the general terms alternate between positive and negative. Like any series, an alternating series converges if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums converges.
==Examples==
The geometric series 1/2 %E2%88%92 1/4 %2B 1/8 %E2%88%92 1/16 %2B %E2%8B%AF sums to 1/3.
The alternating harmonic series has a finite sum but the harmonic series does not.
The Mercator series provides an analytic expression of the natural logarithm:
:
\sum_^\infty \frac x^n \;=\; \ln (1+x).
The functions sine and cosine used in trigonometry can be defined as alternating series in calculus even though they are introduced in elementary algebra as the ratio of sides of a right triangle. In fact,
:\sin x = \sum_^\infty (-1)^n \frac, and
:\cos x = \sum_^\infty (-1)^n \frac .
When the alternating factor (–1)n is removed from these series one obtains the hyperbolic functions sinh and cosh used in calculus.
For integer or positive index α the Bessel function of the first kind may be defined with the alternating series
: J_\alpha(x) = \sum_^\infty \frac \right)}^   where Γ(''z'') is the gamma function.
If ''s'' is a complex number, the Dirichlet eta function is formed as an alternating series
:\eta(s) = \sum_^ = \frac - \frac + \frac - \frac + \cdots
that is used in analytic number theory.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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